Improvement in metallic cartridges



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diend ndere dei dita- EDW'IN MARTIN, 0F SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO IIIMSELF, SAMUEL lV. PORTER, AND JAMES F. Gli-ANSTON, OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 111,856, dated February 14, 1871.

IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC CARTRIDGES.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters atent and making ,part of the neme.V

, Be it known Y,that I, EDwiN MARTIN, oiSpringiield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvenient in Metallic Cartridges; and I do declare that the following is a. full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making a part of this specilication, and to the letters ot' reference marked thereoiuin which Figure I is a longitudinal section through the eenter ot' the' shell, die, and the inside and outside headingtool, showing the process oi' forming the head and the fold around the head;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the shell after the head is formed;

Figure 3 is a similar section, showing the shell after the pocket for the fulminatc lias'bcen formed in the head Figure 4 is a longitudinal section, showing an anvil secured within the shell by means of the fold at the head; i

Figure 5 represents a shell with a reinforcing-cup secured therein, showing the use of the fold in filling up the cavity between the reinforcing-cup around the bottom and the lhead of the shell; ,I f

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a shell, with the priming and reducing-tool and the crimping-tool, showing the shell as it is primed aud crimped;

Figure 7 is a similar section of' a shell with the priming-and reducing-tool,- showiug the operation of introducing and securing the conical anvilwithin the pocket in the head of the shell Figure 8 is an end view of the priming and reducing-tool Figure 9 is an endv view of the crimping-tool.; and

Figure 10 is a section and end view of the conical anvil.

My invention is an improvement upon the device for which Letters Patent were granted inc dated March 23, 1869, and consists of a fold formed at thejuncture ofthe head with thecylindrieal part of theshell, said fold projecting into the interior ofthe shell land pressed firmly up against the head ou the inside, thus mak'- ing the head ot' the shell at this part of three distinct thicknesses of metal, giving it much additional strength,`

and also serving to prevent, much more effectually, any gas from being driven into the fold of the flange at the explosion.

That others skilled in the artmay be able to make and use myinvcntiou I will now proceed to describe its construction and mode of operation,

In the drawiug- A, iig. l, represents the heading-die, and

C, the inside heading-tool, havingl an annular shoulder at s, against which the, end of the shell impinges when it is placed upon` the tool G and driven against the tool B.

That part of the heading-tool C below the shoulder sis made of a size to' fit well the inside ot' the shell, which, being placed upon the tool- C, tits well the interior ofthe die A.

The shell, after heilig dlawn, is cutat the open end, so that the shell is somewhat longer than that part of the tool C below the shoulder s, and the tool C is tapered at the end and has a cavityfl), therein, as is seen in lig. 1.

The outside headingetuol B hns a projection, D', upon the cud somewhat less in diameter than the cavity D, and to form the head and fold, the drawn shell is placed upon the tool C, the open end ot' the shell abutting against the annular shoulder s, and the closed end ot' the shell projecting somewhat beyond the end of the toolC, which, with the shell thereon,

is then inserted into the die A, so that lthe die covers the end at the shoulders, and the end of th tool U lacking, about the'thickness of the shell, or alittle less, ci' passing through the die.

The outside heading-tool B is then driven up smartly against the closed end of the shell, and the surplus metal is thus flattened' upon the end and pressed out at the side, forming the flange e'. eration, however, l' do not claim as new,

As the tool B, however, continues to press up the metal the tool C, being tapered at the cud, the surplus metal, which still remains to be disposed of, being pre. vented by the die A from being pressed outward, is forced inward, as shown at o, in fig. 1, as there is nothing to prevent it, and this begins the formation of the fold c.

\Vhen the metal, in being pressed inward, reaches the tapered end of the tool O, it remains in that posi' tion, while thatpart ofthe fold e below the end ofthe tool C continues tol be pressed in a little more, and is pressed rmly together, completing the fold, and, as the tool B reaches its nearest point to the die A, the out' side fold c is pressed firmly together, forming the flange, and, at the saine time, the end of the tool .C presses the inner fold nfirmly and tightly against the interior of the head. l

The projection of the fold c into the sliell,` whether more or less, may be regulated by the excess in the length ofthe drawn' shell over that of the tool C below the shoulder s, Avl'cther more or less. This part ot th'e process I claim :is novel.. v

Affile same time this is done the cup a in the head Iof the shell is formed by the projection D forcing the metal intothe cavity i) iii the toolvO. This brings the shell'iuto thc condition shown in iig. 2.

The pocket for the fulminate and an'vil is then fornied by driving back a portion of the metal at the base of the cup a, and reducing it, as explained in the bcfore-mentioned Lettersl Patent granted to me,'and as shown in lig. 3.

Tins inside fold c may also be used to hold in place This part of the op' cartridges.

' largest end upward, in thc cavity 7n of the tool, and.

a large anvil, as shown in 4, and is particularly useful in filling up the space between the corner of the reinforcing-cup, when it is desirable to use one, and the Harige c' oi'fthe head 0f' the' shell, although it is Athc object iu using the fold c to obviate the necessity of using any reinforcing-cup in all ordinary gun- The anvils c', gjs. 6 and 7, may be punched from sheet-mletal of desirable thickness with apuneh and die, and are inserted and secured in place by means ot' the tools shown in figs. 6, 7, S, and 9, and in the following manner: I'- represents the inside priming and reducing-tool, having-an annular shoulder at n. and a conical-shaped cavity, m, iu 'the end. v

The shell being left with the pocket-c in a cylindrical form, as shown clearly in fig. 7 the anvil c' being previously' filled 'with fulmina-te, is placed, with its the tool is then forced into theshell, and, as it approaches the head of lghe shell, the anvil e is first forced into the pocket e, and the tool l being forced still farther in'the conical form ofthe cavity min said tool, gives a corresponding conical form to the 4walls of the pocket c, closing them firmly around and upon the conical anvil 'e', as shown more clearly in tig. and when the tool I' is in the position shown in fig. 6, the tool I, having an annular fillet, yi, upon its face, is driven up smartly against the outside of' the head of the shell, and the fillet i forces in thel metal, pressing i it in rmly against the inner edge ofthe fold c. V

'lhe headof the shell is thus corrugated tlu'ongh-4 lout most ol' its part, and very much greater strength or capacity of resisting the explosion is obtained,,

while, at the same time, the cavity in the flange or l head is perfectly closed, and there is no possibility of lineas the head of the shell being broken or burst off at the flange by the force of the gas at the explosion.

'.lhegreatest and most manifest advantage of this invention is that while these conical anvils may be made cheaper, taking much less stock in their mannfacture, the whole process oi' forming the fold and introducing and securing the anvil within its pocket rcquircs no extra operation ,over those gone through with in the manufacture of the shell or cartridge, as explained in the before-mentioned Letters Patent granted to me, dated March 23, 1869.

As the firing-pin of thc arm is generally pointed or conical upon its end, when fiat anvil is used, but a very small part of the fuhninate is actually operated upon by the firing-pin in exploding it; but in this device, as the anvil is conical and the fnlminate is compressed between the pin and the interior of the anvil upon all sides, or ali around, the ignition of the fulzninatc is more full and thorough than when a coinv mon i'lat anvil is used.

Having thus explained my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isy 1. A metallic cartridge-Shell, having the fold c made therein, making the shell of three distinct thicknesses at the juncture of the head with the cylindrical part, all constructed substantially as and iin' the purposes hereindescribed.

2. An annular fillet or corrngation upon the intej rior of the head of the shell, in combination with the fold c, all constructed substantially in the lnanncr and for the purposes specified. A

Witnesses v T. A. CURTIS,

M. L.B0YNT0N.

EDWIN MARTIN. 

